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Will Downward Trajectory of Agricultural Acres Stop?

Clint Thompson Alabama, Florida, Georgia

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Image credit: South Georgia Farming

Agricultural acres have dropped dramatically over the last 100 years throughout the Southeast. According to stacker.com, Georgia and Alabama were two of the top four states to see their farm land decrease the most.

Adam Rabinowitz, Auburn University Assistant Professor and Extension economist, is not surprised about the significant drop in agricultural acres. He attributes the acreage drop to land has being taken out of agriculture and moved into housing developments or built up in terms of other commercial uses.

But how much farther will farmland drop across the Southeast?

Rising Average Farmer Age

The lack of farming land available throughout the Southeast may only increase when more farmers retire and no succession plan in place. According to USDA NASS, the average age of a farmer in 2017 was 57.5 years old, up 1.2 years from 2012.

“Farm age continues to increase, the average age of the farmer. Succession planning is an issue in terms of transitioning to younger generations who now have more options than just staying on the farm. As a result, you do have a lot of folks who are leaving the farm for college, for other careers, going other places,” Rabinowitz said.

“You have that shift there, and there is a big concern of what’s going to happen when this older generation right now gets ready to move on. Is that going to further contract the number of acres that are in agriculture?”

Challenges for Beginning Producers

According to USDA NASS, producers also tend to be experienced, having been on their farm an average of 21.3 years. Beginning farmers are extremely rare, considering how expensive it is to acquire land to farm on and equipment to use throughout the growing season

“There are a lot of barriers to new farmers coming into agriculture. Acquiring land, whether it be ownership of land, buying the land or even renting the land can be very challenging for a new or beginning farmer. Even beyond land when we talk about machinery, especially in southern Alabama and southern Georgia with cotton and peanuts as being one of the primary crops in this area, the machinery equipment needs are unique to those crops,” Rabinowitz said.

“You need some stuff for your corn that you’re going to put into rotation with your other crops and you need for your cotton and peanuts, you have special pickers and planters and such. It provides again a significant barrier to new entry.

“That said, there are programs that do exist to help beginning farmers and new farmers. There are loans through FSA. There are farm credit programs that exist to help provide special terms and assistance and certainly through the land grant institutions and extension, there are a number of beginning farmer programs in every state to help provide those resources and assistance from a technical standpoint of getting started in agriculture.”

USDA NASS Facts and Figures

Based on numbers from the United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service, Alabama, ranked No. 4 in decreased acres, had 256,099 farms in 1920 with an average farm size of 76 acres and 19.6 million farming acres. In 2019, the number of farms dropped to 38,800, an average farm size of 214 acres and 8.3 million acres total.

 In Georgia, ranked No. 3, the number of farms was 310,732 in 1920 with an average farm size of 82 acres and 25.4 million total acres. The number of farms dropped to 41,500 in 2019 with an average farm size of 246 acres with 10.2 million total farming acres.

Florida was one of the few states to see its acres increase over the past 100 years. It had 54,005 farms in 1920 with an average farm size of 112 acres and 6 million total acres. In 2019, the number of farms dropped to 47,400 with an average farm size of 205 acres and 9.7 million total acres.